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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4% of the population. It is accompanied by high rates of comorbidity (depression anxiety, anxiety, and substance abuse) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many adults with ADHD have seen significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning in response to medication. Because of the different ways people respond to medications it is essential for those with ADHD to discover a combination that works best. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults can supplement their immediate-release medicine with an extended release, long-acting medicine once a week to reduce the requirement to take it regularly throughout the day. Antidepressants such as desipramine have also been found to be effective in the treatment of adults suffering from ADHD. This class of medications can be used by itself or in combination with stimulants to enhance their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs were initially developed to treat hypertension. They are calming and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in some adults. However, these medications can cause a very low blood pressure when they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD may also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD deal with feelings of embarrassment, shame, and resentment against coworkers, supervisors, teachers and family members who might criticize or nag them. Family and marriage counseling is also a great way to help couples with ADHD to better understand each other and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy A key goal of psychosocial therapy for adult ADHD is to help people learn strategies and techniques that enhance function in everyday life. Psychotherapy can also aid those with ADHD overcome their low self-esteem and feelings of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that cause problems in their lives and to discover new ways of thinking, feeling and acting. This short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy has been shown to be effective in treating various conditions, including anxiety and depression. It can be used on its own or in combination with other therapies. CBT can also incorporate group therapy. This is especially beneficial for people with ADHD as it allows them to meet others who face similar challenges and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be provided in person or over the phone. One study examined the effects of CBT against traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD, and all show significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were attributed to diverse approaches, including interpersonal and cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving exercises, and mindfulness meditation. However, caution is warranted in comparing the efficacy of different therapies for adult ADHD. It is likely that the differences in the outcomes are due to a variety of factors, including the treatment characteristics and measures employed. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback. This method involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks to identify brain areas where there is excessive or insufficient activity. The person is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help address these issues which may be causing ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy approaches that can help improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and develop lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to transform negative behaviors and assist in managing impulsive and self-destructive behaviors that can cause problems at school or at work. In some cases, psychotherapy can be used in conjunction with medications for adults who are seeking treatment for adhd. Patients suffering from multiple disorders like substance abuse, depression, and bipolar disorder must be assessed to ensure that their symptoms aren't made worse through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, must be treated with more vigor. If ADHD is serious enough to affect everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs offer more thorough and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of cognitive therapy, aids adults suffering from ADHD to improve their ability to manage time, impulse control, planning and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express emotions and uses exercises and worksheets to make the lessons engaging. The training in mindfulness meditation improves CBT and improves the ability of a person to concentrate and regulate emotions. It also improves a person's capacity to manage the effects of stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with anger, sadness and other difficult emotions that could be causing their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. In addition to affecting work performance, these conditions can cause problems with relationships and could cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help improve your self-esteem, resolve the root causes of your issues and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a successful treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches them how to change their negative thoughts and behaviours. In particular, it is focused on teaching you how to use time management strategies and overcome the distortions in your thinking that cause negative moods and the perception of a limited selection. Many people suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended that you first treat the most severe comorbidity and then monitor the reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you manage your life and work and establish routines that are predictable that help you manage your time and money, and develop an optimistic image of yourself. It will also help you learn relaxation techniques that could decrease your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can also aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in various poses. Marriage and family counseling can address the issues people with ADHD often create for their spouses, children and others. They often complain about being undependable and unorganized. They also tend to forget things or make decisions impulsively. You can build stronger relationships by educating your spouses and family members about ADHD. Moreover it can aid you and your loved ones realize that these issues are due to the patient's ADHD rather than to the lack of compassion or a willful refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is an neurobiological disorder that is extremely prevalent. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity. This includes anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication interventions are available as treatments. A variety of medications are available for adults with ADHD and some of them have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have highlighted both the strengths and the limitations of the medication. Adults suffering from ADHD may experience the same symptoms that children do, but it can be difficult to identify because childhood symptoms might not persist in adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD may also not have any family history of the disorder, or might not remember the symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to determine if the symptoms are due to medical conditions like thyroid problems or sleep apnea. It could also be due to vision and hearing problems or lead poisoning. Adults suffering from ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. The stimulants have the highest response rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their responsiveness rates vary between 70 and 70% to 80%. adhd treatment for adults near me used stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate is also administered through a transdermal system. This permits continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Nonstimulant medications for adults with ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine is one of the most studied tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low dose medicine and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL, another antidepressant, was shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist that is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportationer and increasing its presence in the brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and decrease hyperactivity, however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive functions as stimulants.